What is vibe coding? The definition, the record, and what it cost
Vibe coding is building software by describing it to an AI in plain language and accepting what it writes. Collins made it Word of the Year 2025 and defines it as “the use of artificial intelligence prompted by natural language to write computer code”. Simon Willison draws the stricter line: building software with an LLM without reviewing the code it writes. I have done it 6 times on this site, each session measured in credits; the 6 cost 30.4 in total, and the studies on what goes wrong are below.
By Marco Kohns · Sources re-read 23 October 2026
2025Word of the Year
Collins Dictionary, 6 November 2025.
1.7xmore issues
In AI-written pull requests than human ones, across 470 PRs (CodeRabbit, 17 December 2025).
30.4credits
For 6 measured Lovable sessions on this site, 11 questions asked first.
The term
Where did the term vibe coding come from?
Andrej Karpathy named it in February 2025; within nine months it was a dictionary word of the year.
| When | What |
|---|---|
| Feb 2025 | Karpathy names it |
| Mar 2025 | Merriam-Webster: trending |
| Mar 2025 | Willison narrows it |
| Nov 2025 | Collins Word of the Year |
| Dec 2025 | CodeRabbit measures it |
Karpathy's post, as Willison quotes it, describes giving in to the vibes and forgetting “that the code even exists”: accept every change, let the code grow past what you would read. Willison's post of 19 March 2025 keeps the term for exactly that and calls reviewed, understood AI-written code software development. Lovable's own definition is broader: “Vibe coding is about building software without worrying about syntax.”
Measured
What does a vibe coding session cost in Lovable?
6 sessions on this site, credits read from the balance before and after. 3 of them asked questions before writing code.
| Session | Date | Credits | Questions | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Landing page + opt-in | 31 Jul 2026 | 1.8 | 0 | One round, all five priority features, inline success state, Cloud enabled |
| Empty states + skeletons | 26 Sep 2026 | 9.5 | 2 | Asked 2 questions, built a /states gallery and a task list, verified slow load, failure and retry |
| SaaS MVP with auth | 26 Sep 2026 | 10.4 | 4 | Asked 4 questions, enabled Cloud, self-tested sign-up and invites, roles checked in the database |
| SEO review, no code | 26 Sep 2026 | 1.1 | 0 | 5 of 6 checks passing; the sitemap deferred until publish |
| Installable PWA | 26 Sep 2026 | 3.1 | 0 | Manifest, icons, service worker, Add to Home Screen; verified in the preview |
| SaaS landing page | 26 Sep 2026 | 4.5 | 5 | Five questions first, six minutes to a preview; server-rendered, FAQ schema, one CTA |

The record
What goes wrong with vibe-coded software?
Measured, more than human code: more issues, and more security issues.
| Category | AI against human |
|---|---|
| Issues overall | 1.7x |
| Logic and correctness | 1.75x |
| Security | 2.74x |
| Readability | 3x |
October 2025 update
Veracode
30 May 2025
CVE-2025-48757
10.83 against 6.45
Issues per pull request
Judgement
When should you vibe code, and when should you review every line?
Vibe code what you can throw away; review what holds people's data or money.
Vibe code
Good fits
- A prototype to show someone
- A landing page that tests an offer
- An internal tool with no outside users
- A one-off script you will delete
Review
Read the code
- Sign-in, roles and anything per user
- Payments and the webhook
- Data other people trust you with
- Anything you will maintain for a year
The middle path is what the library prompts encode: describe the outcome in plain language, and write down the rules a reviewer would check, row-level security, states, a Done When list Lovable can verify. That keeps the speed and moves the review into the prompt. The prompting guide shows the sections.
Starting
How do you start vibe coding without losing control of the code?
Five habits from the sessions above and Lovable's own guides.
- 01
Write the brief first
Who it is for, the one job, the channel. Lovable's guide calls a good knowledge file a one-page brief. - 02
Let it ask
End the prompt by asking for questions; 3 of my 6 sessions drew them before any code. - 03
One change per prompt
Check each change in the preview before the next one, as Lovable's idea-to-app guide puts it. - 04
Put the rules in the prompt
Row-level security, states and Done When checks: the review written down before the build. - 05
Scan before you publish
The Security view's scans are free; the chat's security review is billed.
Vibe code with the rules written in
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Frequently asked
What is vibe coding?
Building software by describing it to an AI in plain language and accepting what it writes. Collins, which made it Word of the Year 2025, defines it as the use of artificial intelligence prompted by natural language to write computer code.
Who coined vibe coding?
Andrej Karpathy, in February 2025. Merriam-Webster listed it as trending in March 2025, Simon Willison narrowed its meaning the same month, and Collins named it Word of the Year in November 2025.
Is vibe coding safe?
For prototypes, mostly. For anything with users' data, review it: CodeRabbit found 2.74x more security issues in AI-written pull requests, Veracode found risky flaws in 45% of AI code tests, and a CVE rated 9.3 covers missing row-level security in generated Lovable apps.
What does vibe coding cost in Lovable?
My 6 measured sessions cost 30.4 credits in total, from 1.1 for an SEO review to 10.4 for a SaaS foundation with sign-in and roles.
Is vibe coding the same as AI-assisted programming?
Simon Willison separates them: vibe coding is building with an LLM without reviewing the code it writes. If you review and understand the code, he calls it software development with an AI helper.
Do you need to know how to code to vibe code?
Not to start: Lovable and similar builders turn plain language into a working app. To ship something other people rely on, someone has to check what the code does with data and money, either by reading it or by writing those rules into the prompt and testing them.
Which tools are used for vibe coding?
Prompt-to-app builders such as Lovable, Bolt, v0 and Replit, and coding agents inside an editor such as Cursor or Claude Code. The builders suit people who do not read code; the editors suit people who do. The comparisons on this site set them side by side.
What does Lovable say vibe coding is?
Lovable's own blog, published 3 March 2025, defines it as building software without worrying about syntax. That is the broadest of the three definitions on this page; Collins and Willison describe the same practice from the dictionary's and the developer's side.
What we did not publish
- A study of my own: the CodeRabbit and Veracode figures are theirs, read from their reports.
- A session in Bolt, Cursor or Replit.
- A review of the code my sessions produced, line by line.
Sources
- Simon Willison, 19 March 2025, re-read 23 October 2026
- Collins Word of the Year 2025, 6 November 2025, re-read 23 October 2026
- CodeRabbit: AI vs human code, 17 December 2025, re-read 23 October 2026
- Veracode 2025 GenAI code security report, re-read 23 October 2026
- Lovable blog: What is vibe coding, 3 March 2025, re-read 23 October 2026
- Wikipedia: Vibe coding for the timeline
Written by

Marco Kohns
Founder of ProtoBites - Venture Growth Studio
Growth PM at a Silicon Valley scale-up (a16z and General Catalyst backed), ex-Techstars where he consulted 13 early-stage startups, Reforge-trained. Every prompt on this site comes out of shipping ProtoBites' own portfolio products.
Related reading
- vibe coding prompts · Ten short prompts with the channel built in.
- how to write prompts for Lovable · Every section of the skeleton, explained.
- the prompt library · 151 briefs, each tied to a channel.
- Lovable security · The scan we ran and what only a query proves.
- Lovable pricing and credits · Plans read today and what one prompt costs in credits.
- how to build an MVP · One project, one day, every credit logged.
- what is an AI app builder · The tools the practice runs on, by type.
- Lovable vs Bubble · Prompting an app against clicking it together.